Introduction

The GLOBE(Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness Research) project took Hofstede's original 1980 research findings (Hofstede, 1980) and dedicated an entire academic effort into exploring the differences of cultures (Hofstede, 1980). This International team collected data from 17.300 middle managers in 951 organizations. They used qualitative method to assist their development of qualitative instruments. The research identified nine cultural cometencies and grouped the 62 countries into ten convenient societal clusters (Javidan & Dastmalchian, 2009).

The GLOBE researchers used acquired data to put nations into cultural clusters that are grouped based upon cultural similarities due to shared geography and climate conditions, which all influence perceptions and behavior:

Anglo Cultures : England, Australia, South Africa, Canada, New Zealand, Ireland, United States
Arab Cultures : Algeria, Qatar, Morocco, Egypt, Kuwait, Libya, Tunisia, Syria, Lebanon, Jordan
Confucian Asia : Taiwan, Singapore, Hong Kong, South Korea, China, Japan, Vietnam
Eastern Europe : Hungary, Bulgaria, Romania, Czech Republic, Slovakia, Poland, Lithuania, Latvia
Germanic Europe : Netherlands, Belgium, France, Austria, Switzerland, Germany
Latin America : Costa Rica, Venezuela, Ecuador, Mexico, El Salvador, Colombia, Bolivia, Brazil, Argentina
Latin Europe : Italy, Portugal, Spain, France, Switzerland
Nordic Europe : Finland, Sweden, Denmark, Norway
Southern Asia : India, Bangladesh, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, Iran, Philippines, Turkey
Sub- Sahara Africa : Namibia, Zambia, Zimbabwe, South Africa, Nigeria

The nine GLOBE cultural competencies are:
1. Performance Orientation
2. Assertiveness Orientation
3. Future Orientation
4. Human Orientation
5. Collectivism I: Institutional Collectivism
6. Collectivism II: In-Group Collectivism
7. Gender Egalitarianism
8. Power Distance
9. Uncertainty Avoidance